Dallas, Texas
20-04-2002
Update : 22 September 2004
Copyright 2002-2004, All Rights Reserved

In the following chronological synchronization, the initial years are counted backwards as BCE, or Before Common Era, using standard accepted astronomical calculations, i.e., including a Year 0 between the old era and the current one, bumping, for example, the "traditional" date for the Founding of Rome forwards one year from 753 to 752 BCE. After the Year 0, dates are considered AD, or CE, that is, Common Era. Put another way, Christian 1 BC is followed immediately by Christian 1 AD, without the inclusion of a Year 0. Scientists consider 1 AD to be +1, 1 BC as 0, and 2 BC as -1. Thus here, 1 BCE would be equivalent to Christian 2 BC, and so on. Consequently, there could be some BCE dates amongst the following items that are, accordingly, out-of-synch by one year. This backward and awkward method for determining historical chronology cries out for scientific improvement, but I digress.

Many of these dates can be verified by various information found elsewhere in this manuscript; however, there are included other dates which are not discussed at present but were placed here solely "for the record". See also the 2002 treatise L'Essai Illimité by Nicolas Verger of Bordeaux, France -- and to whom I express my gratitude for his collaboration in assembling this chronology.

No attempt has been made here to cite the source for each and every date, but you may rest assured that I have striven as diligently as I could to achieve chronological accuracy. These dates were assembled from a myriad of historical books and documents. Some of them refer to the "period" or "era" of a certain writer or sect, and these dates are not always noted as being "approximate", as are certain others. However, I must say that quite a large portion of this information was obtained from the brilliantly scholarly series of Antiquarian Dictionaries that were published in London and Boston in the 19th Century by Professor William Smith and his European colleagues. By the "Hand of Fate" presumably, I was fortunate to inherit this series of ten dictionaries from my Great-Uncle Dr. Whitfield Leggett Russell, who died in 1960. These dictionaries by Professor Smith cover all aspects of the history of the Greco-Roman World. Here, a lot of my information was obtained from A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (3 Volumes) and A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (2 Volumes). To be honest, I could never have completed this Apollonius research and my companion Cosmic Tree research without these priceless dictionaries, and my intellectual Uncle Whit's copies are actual first editions that were printed in London about 130 years ago but are still in remarkably pristine condition. To my knowledge, they are no longer available for use by the general public; certainly they are not for sale anywhere today, nor available in unrestricted areas of such libraries as that of Congress in Washington, D.C. Thank you, Uncle Whit! My recent book (February 2004), PLANET X NIBIRU : SLOW-MOTION DOOMSDAY, is dedicated to Uncle Whit.

Suffice it to say that if any doubting reader wishes to obtain a source for a date or dispute a particular date's accuracy, please feel free to contact me about it, although I feel certain that any Search Engine like Google can bring up documents relating to most items of the chronology listed here. Also, if anyone notices any minor errors in the information, please advise me by email. Thanks. This current treatise is the culmination of four years of work; and although it may be expanded or refined somewhat in the future, for all practical purposes it is finished. But it sometimes seems difficult for me personally to arrive at a final conclusion of this research, because, as my French colleague Nicolas Verger has noted, this is an "Unlimited Essay", the end of which may never be truly understood within our own lifetimes.

The Trojan War and several of the earliest dates prior to the time of Alexander III, The Great (such as the placement of the Egyptian Ramsside Dynasties), have been chronicled according to the ideas of Dr. Immanuel Velikovsky in Ages in Chaos; but it is purely my own conjecture that the traditional placement of Pythagoras in the 500s is wrong and that he should, in fact, be pushed back in time by 200 years. There is no real "proof" for the actual time of Pythagoras, who was born and lived in Crotona, Italy. Lucius of Etruria asserted that Pythagoras indeed was an Etruscan, implying that Pythagoras lived around the time of the Founding of Rome; and Pythagoras actually wrote what can only be interpreted as an "eyewitness account" of what he called "The Counter Earth" (that is, "The Cosmic Tree").

The Life of Apollonius of Tyana and Lives of the Sophists by Flavius Philostratus have both been published in English and Greek by Harvard University's Loeb Classical Library. Lives of the Sophists was published in the same volume with Lives of the Philosophers and Sophists by Eunapius. See the following chronology for additional details.

Here is a quote from the Harvard preface to Lives of the Sophists by Philostratus:

"Philostratus has preserved the renown of a number of these improvisators [sophists/rhetoricians] who, but for him, would have perished as completely as have the actors and dancers of those centuries. More than half the sophists described by him are ignored even by Suidas. Yet they were names to conjure with in the schools of rhetoric all throughout the Roman world, until the Christian Fathers and the rhetoric of the pulpit took the place of the declaimers [sophists/rhetoricians]. Christianity was fatal to Sophistic, which seems to wither like a Garden of Adonis, never deeply rooted in the lives of the common people. But sophists for centuries had educated Christians and pagans alike, and it was from their hands, unintelligent and sterile as they often were in their devotion to Hellenic culture, that the Church received, though without acknowledgement, the learning of which she boasted, and which she in her turn preserved for us."

And here is a quote from Eunapius himself, written about 150 years after Philostratus:

THE WRITERS WHO HAVE COMPILED A HISTORY OF THE PHILOSOPHERS

"Porphyry and Sotion compiled a history of philosophy and the LIVES of the philosophers. But Porphyry, as it happened, ended with Plato and his times, while Sotion, though he lived before Porphyry, carried on his narrative, as we see, to later times also. But the crop of philosophers and sophists who came between Sotion and Porphyry was not described as their importance and many-sidedness deserved: and therefore [Flavius] Philostratus of Lemnios in a superficial and agreeable style spat forth the LIVES of the philosophers no one has recorded accurately. Among these latter were Ammonius of Egypt, who was the teacher of the divine Plutarch, and Plutarch himself, the charm and lyre of all philosophy; Euphrates of Egypt and Dion of Bithynia, whom men surnamed the golden-tongued; and Apollonius of Tyana, who was not merely a philosopher but a demigod, half-god, half-man.

"For he [Apollonius] was a follower of the Pythagorean doctrine, and he did much to publish that philosophy. But Philostratus of Lemnios wrote a full account of Apollonius, and titled his book THE LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, though he ought to have called it THE VISIT OF GOD TO MANKIND. Carneades also lived about this time, a celebrated figure among the Cynics, if indeed we ought to take any account of the Cynic school, among whom were Musonius, Demetrius, and Menippus, and several others also; but these were the more celebrated.

"Clear and accurate accounts of the lives of these men it was impossible to discover, since, so far as I know, no one has written them. But their own writings were and still are sufficient records of their lives, filled as they are with such erudition and thorough research in the field of ethics and also that research which aspires to investigate the nature of things and disperses like a mist the ignorance of such as are able to follow.

"Thus, for example, the inspired Plutarch records in statements scattered here and there in his books, both his own life and that of his teacher; and he says that Ammonius died at Athens. But he does not title these records a LIFE, though he might well have done so, since his most successful work is that which is titled THE PARALLEL LIVES of men most celebrated for their deeds and achievements.

"But his own life and that of his teacher he scattered piecemeal through every one of his books; so that if one should keep a sharp look-out for these references and track them as they occur and appear, and read them intelligently one after another, one would know most of the events of their lives. Lucian of Samosata, who usually took serious pains to raise a laugh, wrote a life of Demonax, a philospher of his own time, and in that book and a very few others was wholly serious throughout."

For the chronology of publications after 1501 CE, you are referred to my companion treatise titled "Apollonius Chronological Historical Bibliography", which pursues this saga of writing and publication through time to our current year of 2002 CE, only 10 short years away from the Mayan End-Time Date.

If some of the following indentions or tabs do not seem to be properly aligned, please expand the size of your monitor window to approximately 8 inches (20 cms).

For expanded chronological information, particularly prior to this sub-period, please see my
Mathematical Analysis Of Ancient History.

Founding of the City of Tyana

825 Era of Assyrian Empress Semiramis Tuvannanas,
Co-Founder & Possible Namesake of Hittite Tyana,
Founded in Cooperation with Hittite-Cappadocian King Nimrod

800 Founding of Phrygia (Including Cappadocia) by King Minos of Macedonia

790 Period of Orpheus and the Muses in Greece &
Origin of the Orphic Music Mystery Cult by Apollo on Mount Olympus

780 Period of the Expedition of Jason and the Argonauts for "The Golden Fleece"

770 Commencement of The Trojan War

762 The "Great Earthquake" and "Great Eclipse" on June 15 &
End of The Golden Age of Yggdrasill/Olympus as "The Cosmic Tree"

761 Period of Homer's Iliad

760 End of The Trojan War

758 Period of Homer's Odyssey

756 Commencement of the Greek Olympiads

752 Founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus

747 New Era of Nabonassar in Babylon

720 Period of War and Turmoil in Egypt

710 Founding of Crotona, Calabria, Italy &
Reconstructed Period of Pythagoras in Crotona &
Pythagoras' Theory of "The Counter Earth" (approximate date)

708 Birth of the Kingdom of Media

705 Visit by Pythagoras to Ancient Ryvarta in India? (approximate date?)

695 Founding of the Kingdom of Lydia by Gyges

687 Final Departure of Planet X Nibiru, the Pythagorean "Counter Earth" &
Destruction by Accompanying "Cosmic Forces" of the
Assyrian Army of King Sennacherib at Pelusium, Sinai, Egypt

679 Accession of Esarhaddon in Assyria &
Official Start of the Mayan Calendar in America (End-Time Date of 2012 CE)

671 Commencement of the Ramsside Dynasties in Egypt

660 Founding of the Japanese "Heavenly Throne" by Emperor Jimmu Tenno &
Commencement of the Japanese Calendar

658 Founding of Greek Byzantium by Byzas

628 Birth of Zoroaster in Persia

551 Death of Zoroaster in Persia

515 Approximate Date of Acquisition of the Sibylline Oracles
by Tarquinius Superbus, King of Rome

510 Banishment of Tarquinius Superbus

509 Founding of the Roman Republic

502 Assassination of the Pseudo-Smerdis in Persia & Founding of the New Persian Cappadocian Dynasty

500 Era of Buddha in India, Confucius in China & Astronomer Heracleitus in Greece

450 Era of Herodotus, "The Father of History", in Greece

400 Era of Plato in Greece, Author of Timaeus & Critias, Including Mention of Atlantis

380 Approximate Accession of Satrap Ariamnes I in Cappadocia

356 Birth of Alexander III, The Great, in Macedonia

340 Approximate Accession of Satrap Ariarathes I in Cappadocia

333 Alexander's Conquest of Tyana, Cappadocia

331 Founding of Alexandria, Egypt, by Alexander

327 Visit by Alexander to Taxila, India &
"The Emerald Tablet" Acquired by Alexander

323 Death of Alexander III, The Great, in Egypt

322 Death of Aristotle in Greece & Accession of Satrap Ariarathes II in Cappadocia

312 Commencement of the Greek Seleucid Calendar

310 Approximate Expulsion of the Macedonians from Cappadocia by Ariarathes II

300 Approximate Founding of Burdigala/Bordeaux, Gaul/France by the Celtic
Bituriges-Vivisci Tribe ("Kings of the World")

290 Approximate Accession of Ariamnes II in Cappadocia

272 Legendary Birth Year of the Persian God Mithras on December 25

250 Approximate Accession of Satrap Ariarathes III in Cappadocia

230 Period of Mathematician Apollonius Pergaeus

208 Legendary Death Year of Mithras

205 Approximate Accession of Satrap Ariarathes IV in Cappadocia

200 Period of Poet Apollonius Rhodius, Author of the Homeric Argonautica

186 Suppression of the Bacchic Mysteries in Rome

162 Accession of Satrap Ariarathes V in Cappadocia

125 Approximate Accession of Satrap Ariarathes IV in Cappadocia

120 Birth of King Mithradates VI of Pontus, Later to Introduce Mithraism to Ionia

105 First Official Roman Gladiatorial Contest

100 Birth of Julius Caesar & Era of Rabbi Jehoshua Ben Pandira in Palestine

93 End of the Persian Dynasty in Cappadocia &
Commencement of the Roman Cappadocian Dynasty of Ariobarzanes I, Philoromaeus (deposed and restored twice)

82 Dictatorship of Sulla in Rome, Burning of the Capitoline &
Destruction of the Original Sibylline Oracles

78 Death of Sulla & Era of Pompey in Rome

71 Revolt of Spartacus

67 Pompey's Victorious Campaign Against the Mithraic Cilician Pirates,
Now Spreading Zoroastrian Mithraism to Rome by Means of
Mithraic Imperial Roman Soldiers

64 Roman Conquest of Seleucia and Syria

63 Accessions of King John Hyrcanus II in Palestine & Ariobarzanes II in Cappadocia

60 Formation of the First Roman Triumvirate of Caesar, Crassus and Pompeius &
Death of Mithradates VI, King of Pontus

59 Prohibition Against the Worship of Isis in Rome

58 Commencement of Julius Caesar's Campaigns in Gaul/France

57 Approximate Birth of Menodotus Menodotus III, Grandfather of Apollonius of Tyana,
Also Known As Literary Physician "Apollonius Antiochenus Empiricus",
Perhaps Also Known As "Apollonius Mus Heraphileius",
"Apollonius Ophis Pergamenus Ther" or "Apollonius Citiensis"

55 Julius Caesar's Invasion of Caledonia/Britain

54 Accession of Arsaces XIV/Orodes I in Parthia

52 Roman Annexation of Gaul/France

51 Accessions of Queen Cleopatra, The Great, in Egypt & Ariobarzanes III in Cappadocia

48 Visit of Julius Caesar to Egypt & First Destruction of the Library at Alexandria

46 Adoption of the Egyptian Calendar by Julius Caesar

45 Dictatorship of Julius Caesar

44 Period of Megarian Philosopher Apollonius Chronos of Caria,
Teacher of Roman Historian Diodorus Siculus

43 Assassination of Julius Caesar on the Ides of March &
Founding of Lugdunum/Lyon in Gaul/France

42 Birth of Tiberius Caesar in Rome & Accession of Persian-lackey Satrap Ariarathes VII in Cappadocia

40 End of the Maccabean Line & Parthian Conquest of Palestine

39 Accession of Arsaces XV/Phraetes IV in Parthia

38 War Between Parthia and Rome

37 Roman Conquest of Palestine from Parthia &
Appointment of Herod, The Great, as King

36 Accession of Archelaus, Last King of Cappadocia,
Appointed King by Marcus Antonius

33 Lovers' Rendezvous of Marcus Antonius and Cleopatra at Gytheion, Greece,
Near Sparta and the Gates of Hades (approximate date)

32 Approximate Birth of Apollonius Menodotus, Father of Apollonius of Tyana,
Also Known As Literary Physician "Apollonius Antiochenus Senior"

31 Octavian's Defeat of Marcus Antonius at Actium

30 Marcus Antonius' and Cleopatra's Double Suicide & Annexation of Egypt by Rome

27 Octavian Augustus Proclaimed Emperor & Start of "Pax Romana" for 200 Years

24 Unsuccessful Roman Attempt to Establish Trades Routes to the East via Arabia

20 Visit of Roman Historian Diodorus Siculus to Egypt &
Parts of Cilicia Annexed to Cappadocia

10 Birth of Claudius Caesar

8 Implementation by Augustus Caesar of the Egyptian Julian Calendar,
Introducing Leap-Year Intercalary Modifications

6 Birth of Hestiaeus Apollonius Menodotus, Brother of Apollonius of Tyana

5 Approximate Commencement of the Writing of
Biblioteke Istorike by Diodorus Siculus, Including Mention of Atlantis

Birth of Apollonius Tyanaeus

3 Births of Apollonius Apollonius Menodotus in Tyana, Cappadocia &
John The Baptist, Son of Zacharias and Elizabeth, in Hebron, Palestine &
Jesus Barabbas of Nazareth, Son of "Father Superior" Joseph and "Virgin" Mary in Bethlehem

2 Death of Herod, The Great & Accession of Archelaus Herod in Palestine

1 Approximate Birth of Damis ("Saint Jude Didymus Thomas") in Ninevah, Assyria

0 Retrograde Beginning of the Christian "Anno Domini" Calendar of Pope Leo I,
Associate and Friend of Apollinaris Sidonius Around 460 CE,
Revived and Promulgated by Friar Denys le Petit in 526 CE

1 Approximate Birth of "Apollonius Archibius" in Alexandria

2 Approximate Births of Saul/Paul in Tarsus & Simon Magus in Gytheion

6 Accession of Herod Antipas in Palestine

9 Birth of Vespasian in Italy

11 Apollonius' Studying in Tarsus & First Possible Meeting with Paul

12 Apollonius' Studying Pythagorean Philosophy in Aegae &
Birth of Gaius Caligula Caesar

13 Commencement of Apollonius' Vegetarian Pythagorean Lifestyle

14 Death and Imperial Deification of Augustus & Coronation of Tiberius

15 Paul's Move from Tarsus to Jerusalem for His Hebrew Education

16 Accession of Artabanus in Babylonia/Parthia

17 Annexation of Cappadocia by Tiberius,
Dissolution of the Cappadocian Royal Line,
Caesarea (Modern Kayseri, Türkiye) Made Cappadocian Capital &
Death of Apollonius' Father in Tyana

18 Start of Apollonius' Five Years of Silence

19 Approximate Birth of Apion in Alexandria

23 End of Apollonius' Five Years of Silence & His Departure for Antioch and
Subsequent Departure for Babylon, Joined by Damis in Nineveh &
Their Arrival in Babylon in the Late Autumn

24 Visit of Apollonius and Damis to the Babylonian Palace of
King Artabanus and Crown-Prince Vardanes &
Midday/Midnight Meetings of Apollonius with the Babylonian Magi

25 Departure of Apollonius and Damis from Babylon in the Summer &
Arrival at the Palace of King Phraotes in Taxila, India, in the Late Autumn

Saint Issa's Visit to the Himalayas

26 Departure of Apollonius and Damis from India in the Early Spring and
Their Return to Babylon in the Late Spring or Early Summer,
Appointment of Pontius Pilate as Procurator in Jerusalem &
Commencement of the Elkhasaite Ministry of John The Baptist in Palestine

27 Baptism of "The Anointed Savior" by John The Baptist in the River Jordan

29 Beheading of John The Baptist in Palestine &
Alleged Correspondence Between "The Anointed Savior" and King Abgar of Edessa

30 Skullduggery and Crucifixion in Jerusalem,
With the Collusion of Cappadocian-Roman Soldier Longinus at Golgotha,
Death-Row Pardon ("Resurrection") of Jewish Revolutionary Jesus Barabbas
by Pontius Pilate & Apollonius' Disappearance from Palestine
(His "Ascension into Heaven")

The "Resurrection" & The Shroud of Turin

31 Arrival of Apollonius and Damis in Alexandria

33 Founding of the First Assyrian Christian Community by Thomas and Thaddeus

34 Approximate Date of the Martyrdom of Saint Stephen

35 Approximate Writing by Apollonius of Initiations, or On Sacrifices

36 Death of Pontius Pilate

37 Death of Tiberius, Coronation of Caligula,
Conversion of Paul on the Road to Damascus &
Births of Josephus in Jerusalem and Nero at Antium

38 First Jewish-Pagan Riots in Alexandria & Paul's Visit to Arabia

39 Accession of Vardanes in Babylonia/Parthia &
Approximate Arrival of Apion in Greece

Approximate Writing by Apollonius ("The Egyptian Soothsayer") of
The Age of the World & His Prophecy of Caligula's Death

40 Paul's "First Visit" to Jerusalem and Subsequent Departure for Tarsus &
Approximate Accession of Gotarzes in Babylon,
Following Civil War with His Brother Vardanes

41 Murder of Caligula and Caesonia, Coronation of Claudius &
Accession of Herod Agrippa I in Palestine

42 Paul's Departure for Antioch & Approximate Writing of
The Homeric Lexicon of Apollonius to the Iliad and the Odyssey
Supposedly Attributed to Apion and "Apollonius Archibius" of Alexandria
at the School of "Didymus"

43 Commencement of Roman Rule in Britain &
Probable Restoration to the Throne of Vardanes in Babylon

44 Apollonius' Visit to Athens for the Epadaurian and Dionysiac Festivals,
Paul's "Second Visit" to Jerusalem & Death of Herod Agrippa I

45 Apollonius' Visit to Sparta for the Olympic Games &
Approximate Visits by Paul and Barnabbas to Iconium (Modern Konya,
Türkiye), Lyaconia and Perga, Pamphylia

Visit by Apollonius to Alpheius in Poseidion & Eleian Gates of Hades

46 Apollonius' Visit to Thera and Crete at the Time of the Earthquake &
Birth of Biographer Plutarch

47 Death of Vardanes, King of Babylonia/Parthia

48 Execution of Roman Empress Messalina

49 Expulsion of "Chrestus" and the Jewish Agitators from Rome by Emperor Claudius

50 Burial Shroud of "Jesus" Taken from Jerusalem, Palestine, to Edessa, Assyria by Thaddeus ("Addai" in Aramaic)
(approximate date)

51 Paul's "Third Visit" to Jerusalem & Josephus' Meeting with the Jewish Priests

52 Simon Magus' Sojourn in Rome &
Claudius' Dedication of the Tiber River Statue of Simon

53 Commencement of Josephus' 3-Year Sojourn in the Wilderness with Ascetic Banus

54 Death of Claudius, Coronation of Nero & Arrival of Paul in Ephesus

55 Approximate Writing by "High Priest of Cilicia" Apollonius of the
"Mysteries of Orpheus" and "History of Caria & Poseidion",
Mentioned Subsequently by Stephanus of Byzantium

56 Josephus' Return to Jerusalem

57 Departure of Paul for Corinth & First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians:

"For when one says 'I belong to Paul' and another says 'I belong to Apollos',
are you not merely men? What then is Apollos? What then is Paul?
Servants through whom you believed, as the Lord assigned to each.
I planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the growth." I Corinthians 3:4-6

"Now if Christ is preached as raised from the dead, how can some of you say that
there is no resurrection of the dead? But if there is no resurrection of the dead,
then Christ has not been raised; if Christ has not been raised, then our
preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain. We are even found to be
misrepresenting God, because we testified of God that he raised Christ, whom he
did not raise if it is true that the dead are not raised. For if the dead are not
raised, then Christ has not been raised. If Christ has not been raised,
your faith is futile and you are still in your sins." I Corinthians 15:12-17

58 Paul's "Last Visit" to Jerusalem and Arrival in Caesarea Maritima

59 Accidental Death of Simon Magus in Rome (approximate date)

60 Arrest of Paul in Caesarea, His Removal to Rome as a Prisoner &
His Shipwreck in Malta

61 Arrival of Paul in Rome & His Epistle to the Ephesians:

"Ye walked according to the Aeon of this world, according to the Archon
that has the domination of the air. We wrestle not against flesh and blood,
but against the dominations, the powers, the lords of darkness,
the mischievousness of spirits in the Upper Regions." Ephesians 2:2, 6:12

62 Approximate Writing by "Apollonius of Laodicea" of Astrologia Apotelesmatica,
Condemning Certain Errors in Egyptian Astronomical Calculations, a Work
Subsequently Documented by Historian and Praetor A. Fabricius Veiento in His
Codicilli, Which Resulted in Fabricius' Banishment from Rome by Nero and the
Burning of All His Books

63 Apollonius' and Damis' Departure for Rome,
Paul's Release from his First Imprisonment &
Visit of Josephus to Rome

Apollonius Brought to Trial Before Nero

64 First Burning of Rome, Commencement of the Christian Persecutions by Nero &
Flight of Apollonius and Paul from Rome to Spain

65 Departure of Paul from Spain to Greece and Ionia

66 Commencement of the First Roman-Jewish War,
Return of Paul to Rome in Captivity &
Appointment of Josephus as Jewish Military Commander

67 Second Imprisonment and Beheading of Paul in Rome,
Surrender of Josephus to Roman General Vespasian &
Departure of Apollonius from Spain to North Africa and Sicily

68 Imprisonment of Josephus by Vespasian, Suicide of Nero &
Accession of Galba, Otho and Vitellius in Rome

69 Meeting(s) of Apollonius and Vespasian in Alexandria,
Coronation of Vespasian as Emperor, Release of Josephus from Prison,
Apollonius' and Damis' Visit to the Egyptian Gymnosophists and Ethiopia &
Deployment of Roman Troops from Cappadocia to Jerusalem

Visit by Apollonius to Apollinopolis Magna and Parva, Egypt,
(Site of the Temples of Nommo, Lord of Heaven, and Harpocrates; and
Home of the Enemies of the "The Crocodile Worshippers")
Whilst Enroute to the Eastern Ethiopian Cities of
Apollinopolis Megabari and Apollonos Hydreium,
Axum, Location of the "The Table of the Sun"

70 Roman Conquest of Jerusalem and Masada
by Roman Generals Titus and also now Josephus,
Destruction of Jerusalem & End of the House of Herod in Palestine

First Dispersion of the Christians from Jerusalem to Cappadocia &
Writing of "The Gospel of Mark"

71 Josephus' Move to Rome as "Flavius Josephus"

72 Period of Saint Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch

73 Approximate Return of Apollonius to Tyana

74 Approximate Period of Phrygian-Ionian Sculptors and Brothers
Apollonius and Tauriscus of Tralles, Who Created the "Farnese Bull",
Subsequently Moved from Rhodes to the Baths of Caracalla in Rome and
Presently Displayed at the National Museum of Napoli, Italy;
Bronze Head of the Hero, Found at Herculaneum; and the Torso of Hercules
Presently Displayed at the Belvedere Museum in Rome &
Also Approximate Period of Nicomedeian Sculptors and Brothers
Menodotus and Diodotus, Who Also Sculpted a Statue of Hercules
[Coincidence? I don't think so. These sculptors were Hestiaeus & Apollonius. RS]

75 Approximate Meeting of Apollonius and Titus at Tyana

76 Birth of Hadrian in Rome

77 Approximate Writing by Apollonius of Testaments, Oracles & Epistles

78 Publication in Greek of the Original Aramaic The Jewish War by Josephus &
Commencement of the Indian Saka Calendar

79 Accession of Titus in Rome &
Eruption by Mount Vesuvius, Destroying Pompeii and Herculaneum

80 Dedication of the Colosseum by Titus & Second Burning of Rome

81 Death of Titus & Coronation of Domitian

85 Writing of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke

Approximate Medical-Biological Writings by Several Obscure
First-Century Physicians Apparently Named "Apollonius", Such As
Apollonius Pitanaeus, Apollonius Tarsensus, Apollonius Cyprius,
Apollonius Glaucus, Apollonius Archistrator, Apollonius Claudius,
Apollonius Biblas and Apollonius Organicus

86 Obtaining by Apollonius of "The Book of Pythagoras" ("The Emerald Tablet" )
at the Hermetic Cave of Trophonius in Ionia

87 Approximate Writing by Apollonius of Life of Pythagoras

Approximate Writing by Apollonius (Dyscolos?) of De Secretis Nature
Gathered from Writings by Aristotle, Theophrastus and Others

88 "Marriage" of Apollonius and Seleucis in Seleucia?

89 Birth of Alexander Peloplaton, Son of Seleucis and "Adopted Son" of Apollonius
(approximate date)

90 Approximate Birth of Apollonius' First Biographer Moeragenes

91 Oracle of Platonist Philosopher "Apollonius The Syrian",
Promising Hadrian the Rule of Rome (approximate date)

Apollonius Brought to Trial Before Domitian

92 Ionian Revolt Against Rome by Apollonius' Followers,
Surrender of Apollonius to Rome,
Apollonius' Imprisonment in Rome by Domitian &
Apollonius' Disappearance from Rome and Return to Greece

93 Publication of Jewish Antiquities by Josephus

94 Apollonius' Final Move to Ephesus

95 Writing of the Gospel of John &
Approximate Writing by Josephus of Contra Apion

96 Assassination of Domitian, Coronation of Nerva & Dedication of the Roman Arena

Death of Apollonius Tyanaeus
"Live unobserved; but if that cannot be, slip unobserved from life."

97 Death of Apollonius of Tyana at Ephesus &
Appointment of Favorinus as Teacher of Alexander Peloplaton ("The Clay-Plato")

98 Death of Nerva & Accession of Trajan in Rome

99 Approximate Dedication of the First Roman Mithraeum

100 Writing of the Gospel of Saint "Damis" at the Schola Persica in Edessa, Assyria

101 Era of Christian Bishop Clement of Rome &
Approximate Birth of Herodes Atticus at Marathon,
Most Prominent Sophist of the Second Century and Teacher of Other Sophists

102 Approximate Death of Saint "Damis" in India

103 Approximate Death of Josephus in Rome

104 Period of Historians Tacitus and Suetonius in Rome

105 Publication of Apollonius in Aegae by Maximus Aegiensis,
Contemporary of Apollonius of Tyana

107 Erection of Statue to Flavius Josephus in Rome (approximate date)

108 Birth of Alexander Paphlagonaeus of Abonoteichos, Successor of Apollonius and
Student of Alexander Peloplaton (approximate date)

110 Martyrdom of Saint Ignatius of Antioch in the Arena

115 Second Jewish-Pagan Riots in Alexandria

116 Third Jewish-Pagan Riots in Alexandria

117 Accession of Hadrian in Rome

118 History's First House-to-House Postal Delivery Service Initiated in Rome
(approximate date)

119 Approximate Acquisition by Hadrian of "The Hermetic Emerald Tablet"
Obtained by Apollonius at the Orphic Cave of Trophonius in 86 or 87

120 Death of Biographer Plutarch

125 Period of Sophist and Lecturer Chrestus of Byzantium in Athens

130 Birth of Celebrated Greco-Roman Physician Galenus, Friend of the Severan Family

132 Bar Cochba Revolt in Jerusalem &
Commencement of the Second Roman-Jewish War

133 Justin Martyr's Conversion to Christianity (approximate date)

135 Total Roman Victory in Palestine & Expulsion of the Jews from Jerusalem

Commencement of the Jewish Diaspora &
Scientific Beginning of the Astronomical "Age of Pisces"

138 Accession of Antoninus Pius in Rome

139 Philosophical Instruction of Marcus Aurelius in Rome
by Apollonius of Chalcis, also known as "Apollonius of Nicomedia",
often confused with Apollonius Dyscolos, the "Ill-Tempered Man"
(approximate date)

140 Approximate Publication of The Historical Forgeries by Apollonius Dyscolos

141 Approximate Arrival of Alexander Peloplaton in Rome

144 Expulsion from the Church of the Heretic Marcion

145 Approximate Visit by Alexander Peloplaton to the Gymnosophists of Egypt

146 Birth of Septimius Severus in Libya

148 Spread of Mithraism into Germany

150 Emergence of Heretical Gnostic Cainitism,
Carpocratianism, Encratism & Marcionism

155 Publication of Life of Apollonius by Moeragenes,
Four Volumes (approximate date)

156 Lucian's "Satire" on the Disciple of Apollonius (approximate date)

157 Approximate Death of Apollonius Dyscolos, the "Ill-Tempered Man"

160 Rome Meeting Between Christian Leaders
Polycarpus of Smyrna and Irenaeus of Lyon (approximate date)

161 Accession of Marcus Aurelius in Rome

163 Approximate Appointment by Marcus Aurelius of Alexander Peloplaton as
"Imperial Secretary for the Greeks"

164 Approximate Birth of Julia Domna Bassianus in Emesa, Syria

165 Period of Rhetorical Writer Lucianus of Samosata,
Who Referred to "The Anointed Savior" as "The Crucified Sophist"

167 Period of the Magician Apuleius of Medaura, Author of The Golden Ass,
Acquaintance of Marcus Aurelius and Libyan Kinsman of Septimius Severus

169 Writings by Apuleius of Medaura Concerning Apollonius of Tyana
(approximate date)

170 Prosady, Dedicated to Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, by Aelius Herodianus,
Son of Apollonius Dyscolos of Alexandria (approximate date)

171 Meeting of Marcus Aurelius and Sophist Herodes Atticus at Sirmium

172 Birth of Flavius Philostratus (Elder) in Lemnios, Greece

173 Period of Claudius Apollinaris, Bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia,
Author of Apology for the Christian Faith, Dedicated to Marcus Aurelius

175 Approximate Deaths of Alexander Peloplaton,
Alexander Paphlagonaeus of Abonoteichus, Moeragenes &
Tatianus The Syrian ("Kinsman" of Damis?)

177 Christian Apology of Athenagoras to Emperor Marcus Aurelius &
Irenaeus, "The Father of the New Testament", Made Bishop of Lyon

179 Approximate Death of Sophist Herodes Atticus

180 Accession of Commodus Hercules in Rome and Imperial Sanctioning of Mithraism

181 Period of Sophists Chrestus of Byzantium and Adrianus of Tyre,
Who Was Private Secretary of Emperor Commodus,
Both of Whose Sophist Lives Were Chronicled by Flavius Philostratus in 237 CE

182 Approximate Education of Apollonius of Naucratis,
as Pupil of Sophists Chrestus and Adrianus

186 Marriage of Julia Domna of Syria and Future Emperor Septimius Severus of Rome

187 Philostratus' Studying in Athens

188 Birth of Caracalla in Lyon

189 Birth of Geta in Milano & Approximate Birth of
Philostratus (Younger, Nephew of Flavius Philostratus) in Lemnios,
Author of Imagines and Heroicus

191 Philostratus' Arrival in Rome & Commencement of His Instruction by
Antipater, Syrian Sophist and Friend of Julia Domna

192 Accession of Pertinax in Rome

193 Accession of Emperor Septimius Severus & Empress Julia Domna in Rome

194 Approximate Acquisition by Julia Domna
of the Scrapbook of Damis (From Tatianus, The Syrian?)

195 Commission of Philostratus by Julia Domna
for the Biography of Apollonius of Tyana

196 Conquest and Rebuilding of Byzantium by Emperor Septimius Severus

197 Approximate Martyrdom of Roman Senator "Apollonius, Bishop of Ephesus",
Who Wrote an Exposé Against the Christian Sect of Cataphryges,
Which Writing was Later Denounced by Tertullian

198 Elevation of Caracalla to "Augustus" by Septimius Severus

199 Approximate Death of Physician Galen

200 Female Gladiators Banned from the Arena

201 Period of Christian Apologist Tertullian

202 Commencement of Christian Persecutions by Septimius Severus

203 Period of Roman Historian Dion Cassius, Friend of the Severan Family

204 Period of Roman Philosopher and Historian Ammonius Saccus

205 Christianity Firmly Established in Caesarea, Cappadocia (Now Kayseri, Türkiye)

208 Emergence of Heretical Monarchianism

209 Period of Christian Church Father Clement of Alexandria

210 End of Christian Persecutions by Septimius Severus

211 Accession of Julia Domna's Sons Caracalla and Geta in Rome

212 Caracalla's Murder of Geta in the Presence of Julia Domna,
Administrative Empress of Rome

213 Thessalian Sophist and Rhetorician Philiscus Ordered to Rome by Caracalla &
Granting of Exemption from Public Service by Carcalla to Philostratus Younger
(approximate date)

214 Caracalla's Erection of a Shrine to Apollonius in Tyana &
Proclamation Elevating Tyana to an Official Status as "Colony of Rome"
(approximate date)

215 Record by Dion Cassius of Caracalla's Visit to Tyana (approximate date)

216 Birth of Manes in Assyria/Parthia

217 Self-Starvation Suicide of Empress Julia Domna,
Following the Murder of Caracalla

218 Accession of Bassianus Heliogabalus in Rome, Grand-Nephew of Julia Domna

219 Heyday of Heretical Sabellianism

The Life of Apollonius of Tyana

220 Completion of the Original Greek Manuscript
The Life of Apollonius of Tyana by Flavius Philostratus

222 Accession of Alexander Severus in Rome

226 Commencement of the Kingdom of the Sassanidae in Parthia/Persia

230 Restoration of the Colosseum by Alexander Severus

231 Approximate Birth of Neo-Platonist Christian Antagonist Porphyrius

237 Completion of Lives of the Sophists by Flavius Philostratus

238 Period of Christian Apologist Origen's Travels and Conspiracies in Cappadocia

240 Commencement of Christosite Manichaeism by Manes in Assyria/Parthia

242 Acceptance of Manichaeism by Parthian King Shapour I

244 Accession of Philip The Arabian in Rome

246 Approximate Death of Flavius Philostratus

247 Porphyrius' Studies in Athens as Pupil of Platonists
Syrian Dionysius Cassius Longinus and Apollonius of Athens (approximate date)

1000th Anniversary of the Founding of Rome

248 One-Thousandth Anniversary of Rome &
Imperial Celebration by Emperor Philip The Arabian

249 Violent Persecutions of Christians by Roman Emperor Decius

250 Period of "The Thirty Tyrants" in Rome, Ending with the Accession of Diocletian

251 First Arrival of Porphyrius in Rome (approximate date)

253 Heretics Sempronius, Olympius, Theodolus and Exuperia
Burned Alive at Rome's Sun-God Temple & Death of Origen

264 Birth of Church Father Bishop Eusebius in Caesarea Maritima, Palestine

267 Coronation of Tetricus as Roman Emperor in Bordeaux, "The Little Rome"

270 Accession of Aurelian in Rome

271 Aurelian's Peaceful Invasion of Tyana & Erection of a Shrine to Apollonius

272 Ouster of Heretical Bishop Paul of Samosata by the Christian Council of Antioch

274 Syrian Neo-Platonist Iamblichus' Studies as Pupil of Porphyrius

275 Approximate Publication of Against The Christians by Porphyrius of Tyre,
Favorable to Apollonius and Pythagorean Philosophies

276 Conquest and Destruction of Bordeaux by the Visigoths

277 Approximate Imprisonment of Manes by Parthian Zoroastrian King Vahram I

278 Approximate Death of Manes in Prison, Commonly Called His "Crucifixion"

284 Diocletian Proclaimed Emperor of Rome

285 Approximate Writing of Life of Pythagoras by Nicomachus Gerasenus,
Mentioning Apollonius of Tyana

290 Enlargement by Diocletian of the Roman Mithraeum (approximate date)

292 Period of Iamblichus' Pythagorean Writings such as Life of Pythagoras,
A Pagan Gospel, Intended to Challenge Christianity,
Favorable to Apollonius and Citing the Work of Nicomachus Gerasenus

293 West-East Administrative Division of the Roman Empire

300 Period of Biographer Flavius Vopiscus, Who Mentioned Apollonius and
Promised an Apollonius Latin Biography, Which Never Was Written

301 Publication of Lover of Truth (Apollonius as Christ) by Hierocles,
Neo-Platonist Roman Consul to Alexandria

302 Publication of Life of Apollonius by Soterichus (approximate date)

303 Commencement of the Great Christian Persecution by Emperor Diocletian &
Flight of Eusebius from Antioch and Caesarea Maritima to Alexandria &
Eusebius' Brief Imprisonment by the Romans in Alexandria (approximate date)

304 Christian Apology by Arnobius The Elder,
Including Mention of Apollonius Amongst "The Magi" (approximate date)

305 Publication of Heiros Logos by Hierocles,
or The Golden Verses of Pythagoras (approximate date)

306 Constantine Proclaimed Emperor of Rome

308 Approximate Birth in Alexandria of Christian Presbyter Apollinaris The Elder,
Author and Father of Apollinaris The Younger, Bishop of Laodicea, Syria

309 Approximate Birth of Christian Philosopher and Roman Consul
Decimus Magnus Ausonius in Bordeaux, Son of Physician Julius Ausonius and
Friend of Contemporary Grammarian and Poet Citerius Sidonius of Bordeaux,
Possible Maternal Great-Uncle of Apollinaris Sidonius

310 Period of Biographer Aelius Lampridius,
Who Mentioned the Statue of Apollonius at the Palace of Alexander Severus

311 Period of Catholic Church Father Lactantius,
Who Attacked Hierocles' Comparison of Apollonius with "Christ Jesus"

312 Constantine's Victory at the Milvian Bridge

313 End of the Great Christian Persecution

314 Christian-Manichaeism Introduced at Rome

315 Eusebius Appointed Bishop of Caesarea Maritima, Palestine

316 Eusebius' Treatise Against Hierocles (approximate date)

320 Colosseum Struck by Lightning

324 Reunion of the Empire by Constantine I, The Great, as Sole Ruler

The Council of Nicaea

325 Ecumenical Council of Nicaea in Bithynia

329 Birth of Basil, The Great Saint, in Cappadocia

330 Dedication of Constantinople as Imperial Capital &
Official Adoption of Christianity by the Roman Empire, West and East

333 Approximate Birth of Heretical Bishop Apollinaris The Younger in Laodicea, Syria

335 Assembling and Collation of Zoroastrian Teachings into the Zend Avesta by
Sassanidae Persian King Shapour II (approximate date)

337 Death of Emperor Constantine &
Accession of Constantine II, Constans I and Constantius II

340 Approximate Death of Bishop Eusebius, "Father of Ecclesiastical Catholic History"

341 Ecumenical Council of Antioch

342 Ecumenical Council of Sardica (Sofia)

346 Birth of Anti-Christian Philosopher Eunapius at Sardis

350 Accession of Constantius II, as Sole Ruler

354 Disappearance of the Statue of Nero from the Roman Arena &
Birth of Saint Augustine

356 Byzantine Missionary Dispatched to Arabia

360 Ecumenical Council of Constantinople

361 Accession of Julian The Apostate in Rome,
Julian's Condemnation of Christianity &
Re-introduction of Mithraism as Rome's "Official" Religion

362 Julian's Unfortunate Destruction of the "Statue of Christ" (Apollonius!)
at Paneas (Caesarea Phillipi, Phoenicia)

363 Ecumenical Council of Tyana & Accession of Jovian in Rome

364 Accession of Valens in Constantinople

365 Period of Apollinarius The Younger, Bishop of Laodicea in Syria,
Founder of the Anti-Arian Apollinarist Christian Sect and
Writer of 30 Books Against Porphyrius

366 Persecution of Orthodox Christians by Roman "Arian" Emperor Valens

370 Saint Basil Appointed Bishop of Caesarea and Metropolitan Ruler of Cappadocia

371 Political Conflict Between Valens and Basil & Anti-Arian Activities by Basil

372 Division of Cappadocia into Two Provinces &
Bishop of Tyana Made Metropolitan Ruler & Proclamation by Valens
Making Tyana the Metropolitan "Capital City" of Cappadocia

373 Acceptance of Manichaeism by Saint Augustine

374 Religious Enmity and Conflict Between Basil, Bishop of Caesarea (Cappadocia),
and Athimius, Bishop of Tyana?

375 Birth of Eutyches & Basil's Attack on the Re-emergence of Sabellianism

376 End of Valens' Rule

377 Greek Sophist Eunapius' Publication of Lives of the Philosophers and Sophists,
Favorably Mentioning Apollonius Tyanaeus in a Companion Book to
Philostratus' Lives of the Sophists (approximate date)

379 Death of Basil, The Great Saint & Accession of Theodosius I in Constantinople

380 Adoption of Mainstream "Catholic" (that is, "Universal") Christianity
by Roman Emperor Gratian and Byzantine Emperor Theodosius I

Founding of the Catholic Church

381 First Council of Constantinople, Formally Adopting the Nicaean Creed of the
Council of Nicaea, Prohibiting the Worship of Arianism and
Manichaeism (under threat of death) & Establishment of the Catholic Church

382 Approximate Birth of Apollinaris, Roman Prefect to Gaul,
Grandfather of Apollinaris Sidonius

385 Approximate Birth (Near Coastal Laodicea) of Nemesius of Emesa, Syria,
Hometown of Julia Domna and Her Aunt Julia Mamaea and
Grand-Nephew Roman Emperor Alexander Severus

386 Period of Christian Bishop Cyril of Jerusalem

389 Public Mob-Murder of Hypatia & Destruction of the Temple of Serapis and
the Library at Alexandria by Emperor Theodosius

390 Approximate Death of Christian Philosopher Ausonius in Bordeaux

391 Approximate Death of Bishop Apollonius The Younger in Syria

392 Prohibition Against All "Pagan Worship" in the Entire Roman Empire

394 Death of the Anomoean Philosopher Eumonius

395 End of the Traditional Roman Empire,
Its Division into West and East, With Egypt Under Byzantine Rule &
Accessions of Honorius in the West and Arcadius in the East

400 Christianity Firmly Established in Tarsus, Cilicia

401 Publication of The Confessions by Saint Augustine &
Burning of the Libri Sibyllini by Stilicho

402 Approximate Publication of Universal History by Philosopher Eunapius

403 Approximate Birth of Apollinaris, Roman Prefect to Gaul,
Father of Apollinaris Sidonius

404 Martyrdom of Saint Telemachus

405 Abolition of the Gladiatorial Games by Western Emperor Honorius

407 Period of Christian Apologist Saint John "Dion" Chrysostom, "The Golden-Tongued"
Who Referred to Apollonius as an "Evil-Doer" and "Deceiver"

409 Letter from Augustine to Deogratias Concerning Apollonius of Tyana and
Apuleius of Medaura

410 Sack of Rome by the Vandal Alaric & End of Roman Rule in Britain

412 Correspondence Between Augustine and Marcellinus
Regarding Apollonius of Tyana and Apuleius of Medaura

414 Approximate Death of Philosopher and Writer Eunapius

415 Period of Roman Christian Historian Salaminius Hermias Sozomen

420 Period of Christian Apologist Saint Jerome (Hieronymus),
Who Nevertheless Referred Favorably to Apollonius of Tyana

421 Aristotelian-Christian Nemesius Made Bishop of Emesa (approximate date)

422 Colosseum Damaged by Earthquake

424 Revolt of the Nestorian Persian Church

425 Publication by Bishop Nemesius of Emesa of Works Concerning Aristotle and
"The Emerald Tablet"

426 Condemnations of Apollonius Tyanaeus by
Christians Isidorus of Pelusium and the "Pseudo-Justin"

428 Appointment of Nestorius as Bishop of Constantinople

429 Approximate Birth of Apollinaris Sidonius in Burgus/Bordeaux

430 Death of Saint Augustine, Bishop of Hippo

431 Ecumenical Council of Ephesus, Condemning the Nestorian Semi-Divine
Perception of the Christ & Exile of Nestorius

448 Catholic Condemnation of Eutychianism

451 Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, Proclaiming the True Divinity of "Jesus" &
Excommunication of Dioscorus

452 Approximate Death of the Heretic Nestorius

453 Approximate Marriage of Apollinaris Sidonius to Papianilla,
Daughter of Future Roman Emperor Avitus

454 Death of Eutyches

455 Sack of Rome by the Barbarian Vandals

456 Accession of Flavius Avitus in Rome

457 Writings about Apollonius of Tyana, Dedicated Favorably to Pope Leo I,
by Apollinaris Sidonius of Burgus/Bordeaux

458 Ambassadorship of Apollinaris Sidonius from Gaul/France to Rome &
His Meeting with Bishop Nemesius of Emesa (approximate date)

461 Death of Pope Leo I & Approximate Death of Bishop Nemesius

468 Conversion of Apollinaris Sidonius (Saint Sidoine) to Catholicism

474 Accession of Zeno in Constantinople

475 Accession of Romulus Augustulus in Rome, Last of the Western Roman Emperors

476 Commencement of Byzantine Rule in the Western Empire &
End of the Roman Imperial Line

485 Approximate Death of Apollinaris Sidonius, Bishop of Claremont &
End of the Christian Apollinarist Sect

486 Reaffirmation by Babai of the Nestorian Nature
of the Assyrian/Persian Manichaean Christosite Church

500 Favorable Mention by Christian Historian Cassiodorus of Apollonius Tyanaeus

The European Dark Ages

508 Colosseum Damaged by Earthquake

521 Byzantine-Inspired Monophysite-Abyssinian Invasion of Arabia

523 Last Recorded Animal Games at the Colosseum

525 Publication of Geographical Lexicon Ethnika by Stephanus of Byzantium,
Citing History of Caria & Poseidion by Apollonius of "Aphrodisius, Cilicia"

526 "Anno Domini" Prefaced to Western Dating, After Ideas by Friar Denys le Petit,
Conforming to the Thoughts of Pope Leo I,
Starting the Christian Calendar at Traditional Roman Year 753,
Approximating the Augustan Beginning of the Julian Calendar

535 Commencement of War Between Rome and Constantinople

537 Founding of the Monastery of Vivarium in Calabria, Italy, by Cassiodorus &
Commencement of Cassiodorus' Grand Library Project

550 Visit by Cassidorus to Constantinople

554 Recapture of Italy by the Byzantines &
Inauguration of Ravenna as the New Capital of the West

567 Completion of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, Built Over the "Grotto" or "Cave" where "Jesus" Was Born,
But John The Baptist, Not "Jesus", Was Born in a "Grotto"

570 Birth of Mohammed in Mecca & Persian Conquest of Arabia from Abyssinia

582 Accession of Mauritius in Constantinople

590 Unsuccessful Byzantine Attempt to Gain Control of Mecca

595 Marriage of Mohammed and Khadijah

610 First Revelations of The Quran & Accession of Heraclius I in Constantinople

613 Commencement of Mohammed's Ministry

614 Nestorian-Christian Persian Conquest of Jerusalem and the Levant

628 Orthodox-Christian Byzantine Reconquest of Jerusalem and the Levant

622 The Hegira & Commencement of the Islamic Lunar Calendar

624 Marriage of Ali and Fatima & Jewish Attack on the Philosophies of Mohammed

630 Recapture of Jerusalem by Constantinople &
Restoration of the Holy Rood to Jerusalem

632 Death of Mohammed in Medina & Leadership of Abubakir

638 Arabian-Saracen Conquest of Jerusalem &
Moslem Worship, as well as Christian, First Allowed in the Church of the Nativity at Bethlehem

641 Arabian-Saracen Conquest of Egypt by Omar I

650 Finalizaton of The Quran by the Islamic Hierarchy of Priests

"And their saying, We did kill the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary,
the Messenger of Allah; whereas they slew him not, nor crucified him,
but he was made to appear to them like one crucified; and those who differ
therein are certainly in a state of doubt about it; they have no definite
knowledge thereof, but only follow a conjecture;
and they did not convert this conjecture into a certainty;
on the contrary, Allah exalted him to Himself, and Allah is Mighty, Wise."
Chapter Nisa'a, Sura IV

651 Arabian-Saracen Conquest of Persia, End of the Kingdom of the Sassanidae &
Replacement of Zoroastrianism by Islam and the Avesta by The Quran

670 Arabian-Saracen Conquest and Destruction of Tyana, Cappadocia

675 Christosite Manichaeism Introduced in China

681 Condemnation of the Monophysite Heresy
by the Catholic Sixth Ecumenical Council

714 Complete Moslem Conquest of Spain

721 Approximate Birth of Jabir Ibn Hayyan,
"The Father of Arab Chemistry", in Tus, Iran (Assyria)

762 Adoption of Manichaeism by the Uighur Turkic Kingdom of Western China

798 Council of Rome, Condemning Adoptionism

800 Coronation of Charlemagne at St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome,
Ending the Byzantine Rule of the West &
Commencement of the Holy Roman Empire

801 Era of Assyrian Scientist Job of Edessa & Jabir Ibn Hayyan's Book Concerning
Balinas The Wise (Apollonius) and "The Emerald Tablet" ("Tabula Smaragdina")

810 Publication of Chronographia by Byzantine Abbas Georgius Syncellus,
Favorably Mentioning Apollonius Tyanaeus (approximate date)

815 Approximate Death of Jabir Ibn Hayyan in Kufa, Iraq (Assyria)

840 Destruction of the Uighur Kingdom by the Kirghiz Turks

843 Prohibition Against Manichaeism in China

846 Buddhism Replaced by Confucianism in China

944 Burial Shroud of "Jesus" Moved from Edessa to Constantinople

950 The Homeric Lexicon of Apollonius to the Iliad and the Odyssey
Supposedly Attributed to Apion and "Apollonius Archibius" of Alexandria
at the School of "Didymus", Republished in Constantinople (approximate date),
Later to Fall into the Hands of le Comte de St.-Germain around 1750 CE

1057 Period of Greek Monk Georgius Cedrenus, Compiler of Historical Synopsis

1071 Turkish Conquest of Ionia & Replacement of
Greek by Turkish as the Official Language

1075 Condemnation of Apollonius Tyanaeus in
Byzantine Monk Xiphilinus of Trapezus' Abridgement of Dion Cassius' Histories,
Written at the Request of Eastern Emperor Michael VII, Ducas

The European Middle Ages

1096 Commencement of the First Crusade

1099 Jerusalem Captured by Catholic Crusaders

1145 Period of Greek Grammarian Joannes Tzetzes in Constantinople,
Author of The Homeric Allegories [cf. Morel, 1610 & Villoison, 1773]

1147 Commencement of the Second Crusade

1150 Balinas/Apollonius Writings by Hugues de Santalla ("Geber") in Toledo, Spain,
Regarding Aristotle's "Secretum Secretorum" and "The Emerald Tablet"

1187 Arab-Moslem Reconquest of Jerusalem

1189 Commencement of the Third Crusade

1200 Period of Byzantine Historian Acominatus Choniates Nicetas of Phrygia,
Who Wrote About the Christian Destruction of Constantinople's "Bronze Doors",
Considered as "Pagan Icons" Dedicated to Apollonius of Tyana

1202 Commencement of the Fourth Crusade

1204 Sack of Constantinople by Crusaders

1208 Commencement of the 36-Year Albigensian Crusade by Pope Innocent III

1244 Extinction of Albigensian Manichaeism and Catharism in Europe

1245 First French Encyclopedia, L'Image du Monde, Published by Gossuin de Metz,
Including Apollonius Information

1280 Period of Italian Marco Polo and His Travels to China

1316 Papacy Moved from Rome to Avignon, France

1320 Approximate Publication of Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy

1353 Burial Shroud ("Mandylion") of "Jesus" Moved from Constantinople to France,
Subsequently Moved to Torino in 1578

1378 Birth of Christian Rosenkruez (Pseudonym of Johan V. Andrea),
Author of Fama Fraternitatis and Founder of the Secret Rosicrucian Order

1431 Approximate Birth of Rodrigo Lanzol y Borgia

1444 Founding of the Florentine Medici Library by Cosimo de Medici

1447 Papacy Returned to Rome Under Pope Nicholas V

1449 Approximate Birth of Aldo Manuzio, "Grandfather of the Paperback Book"

The European Renaissance

1450 Commencement of the Italian Renaissance

1451 Dedication of the Vatican Cornerstone

1452 Birth of Leonardo da Vinci

1453 Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople &
Flight of Greek Orthodox Cardinal John Bessarion from Constantinople to Venice

1454 Constantinople Renamed "Istanbul"

1456 Invention of the Printing Press
by Johann Gutenberg & Publication ofThe Gutenberg Bible

1460 Early Attempts to Establish an Official Vatican Library at Rome

1465 Approximate Founding of the Domenican Convent and Library of San Marco
at Florence by Friar Zanobi Acciaioli

1468 Aquisition by the Venetian Republic of Greek Cardinal Bessarion's Vast Library

1472 Death of Cardinal Bessarion

1475 Birth of Michelangelo Buonarroti

1483 Birth of German Martin Luther & Eventual Protestant Reformation

1484 Death of Christian Rosenkruez at Albi, France

1490 First Passion Play Performed in the Roman Colosseum

1491 Birth of King Henry VIII of England & Eventual Anglican/Episcopal Church

1492 Catholic Reconquest of Moorish Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella,
Expulsion of the Jews from Spain, Rodrigo Borgia Elected Pope Alexander VI &
Discovery of America by Christopher Colombus

1494 Death of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Friend of Aldus Manutius

1495 Approximate Acquisition by Venice of the
Library of Cardinal Domenico Grimani and
His Nephew Marin Sanudo, Business Partner of Aldus Manutius
(total of 20,000 books donated to the city)

1497 Acquisition by Aldus Manutius of Philostratus' Life of Apollonius of Tyana
from Friar Zanobi Acciaioli's Library (approximate date)

1498 Girolamo Savonarola, Acquaintance of Zanobi, Burned at the Stake in Florence

1499 Friendship of Aldo Manuzio and Lucrezia Borgia, Daughter of Pope Alexander VI

1500 Friendship of Aldo Manuzio and Alberto Pio

1501 The Life of Apollonius of Tyana by Flavius Philostratus,
First Translation into Latin by Alemannus Rhinuccinus in Venice

Apollonius Tyanaeus & Eusebius,
Published by the Aldine Press in Venice,
1504 CE